homeassistant和小米的折腾

HA的官方提供了很多虚拟磁盘映像文件给我们直接使用，我个人的偏好是喜欢用qmeu来启动这些虚拟磁盘，但是windows只提供了virtualbox、vmware、hyper-v三种虚拟磁盘文件，所以我就只能在win下用开源的virtualbox了。

先在官网链接中下载vdi的压缩包，解压后获取vdi文件，然后用下面的命令行就可以快速构建vbox的虚拟机了。

注意，虚拟机配置的设置按照vbox常用的来就ok，但是网络这里最好设置成桥接。你可以通过VBoxManage list bridgedifs命令列出所有桥接接口，然后通过–bridgeadapter1来设置。haos启动后默认的hostname是叫homeassistant，设置成桥*接之后，你可以方便得在局域网中通过homeassistant.local发现它并下发指令。

# 1. 创建虚拟机
VBoxManage createvm --name "HAOS" --ostype "Linux_64" --register

# 2. 设置内存、CPU和启用EFI
VBoxManage modifyvm "HAOS" --memory 4096 --cpus 2 --firmware efi

# 3. 设置SATA控制器并附加VDI文件
VBoxManage storagectl "HAOS" --name "SATA" --add sata --controller IntelAHCI
VBoxManage storageattach "HAOS" --storagectl "SATA" --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium "haos_ova-14.1.vdi"

# 4. 配置网络为桥接模式
VBoxManage modifyvm "HAOS" --nic1 bridged --bridgeadapter1 "Microsoft Network Adapter Multiplexor Driver"

# 5. 启用磁盘自动收缩功能
VBoxManage storageattach "HAOS" --storagectl "SATA" --port 0 --device 0 --nonrotational on --discard on

同理qcow2压缩包下载 ，解压之后qemu一条命令可以启动。

qemu-system-x86_64 -m 4096 -smp cores=2 -hda haos_ova-14.1.qcow2

两种方式，一种通过环境变量设置地址和key，一种通过参数设置地址和key。

$env:HASS_SERVER="http://homeassistant.local:8123"
$env:HASS_TOKEN="[key]"
hass-cli device list

hass-cli --server "http://homeassistant.local:8123" --token "[key]" device list

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer [key]" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     http://homeassistant.local:8123/api/states | jq

有些复杂点操作还是py比较方便，下面就是一个对小米智能插座进行开关的程序。(设置好host和key）

import requests
import json

class HomeAssistantAPI:
    def __init__(self, host="homeassistant.local:8123", token="*****"):
        self.base_url = f"http://{host}"
        self.headers = {
            "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
            "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
        }

    def get_switch_state(self, entity_id):
        url = f"{self.base_url}/api/states/{entity_id}"
        response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return response.json()['state']
        return None

    def toggle_switch(self, entity_id, state):
        url = f"{self.base_url}/api/services/switch/turn_{state}"
        data = {"entity_id": entity_id}
        response = requests.post(url, headers=self.headers, json=data)
        return response.status_code == 200

    def toggle_switches(self, switches):
        results = {}
        for switch in switches:
            current_state = self.get_switch_state(switch)
            if current_state is None:
                results[switch] = False
                continue

            new_state = "off" if current_state == "on" else "on"

            success = self.toggle_switch(switch, new_state)
            results[switch] = {
                'success': success,
                'previous_state': current_state,
                'new_state': new_state
            }
        return results

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ha = HomeAssistantAPI()

    switches = [
        "switch.qmi_cn_**********_psv3_on_p_2_1"
    ]

    results = ha.toggle_switches(switches)
    print("Results:", json.dumps(results, indent=2))

这个脚本的功能就是对switches里的所有开关进行，开启和关闭操作。 其中switch.qmi_cn**********_psv3onp21 就是我们要操作的对象。你可以通过下面的脚本用api template的接口获取所有匹配到^switch.*_onp_.*$的对象们，然后就可以对其进行设置。

import requests
import json

def get_device_entities():
    url = "http://homeassistant.local:8123/api/template"

    headers = {
        'Authorization': 'Bearer [key]',
        'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
        'Accept': 'application/json'
    }

    template = """
    {% set devices = states | map(attribute="entity_id") | map("device_id") | unique | reject("eq",None) | list %}
    {%- set ns = namespace(devices = []) %}
    {%- for device in devices %}
        {%- set entities = device_entities(device) | select("match", "^switch.*_on_p_.*$") | list %}
        {%- if entities %}
            {%- set ns.devices = ns.devices + [ {device: {"name": device_attr(device, "name"), "entities": entities}} ] %}
        {%- endif %}
    {%- endfor %}
    {{ ns.devices | tojson }}
    """

    payload = {
        "template": template
    }

    try:
        response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=payload)
        response.encoding = 'utf-8'
        response.raise_for_status()

        return response.json()

    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"Error making request: {e}")
        return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    result = get_device_entities()

    if result:
        print(json.dumps(result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))